Caffeine Contributes to Development of Diabetes

A new review article contradicts earlier studies suggesting a protective effect of caffeine against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

James Lane, PhD, a researcher at Duke University Medical Center (Durham, NC, USA) reviewed a growing body of evidence that suggests that consumption of caffeine leads to disruptions of glucose metabolism, which could be of concern for both the development of T2DM and its clinical management. At least 17 studies have consistently demonstrated that caffeine administration in healthy, nondiabetic adults produces an acute increase in insulin resistance or impairment of glucose tolerance, an effect that could contribute to T2DM disease progression in susceptible individuals.

Other studies of coffee drinkers who have T2DM have found that caffeine exaggerates the rise in glucose after carbohydrate ingestion, an effect that could contribute to higher chronic glucose levels and impaired clinical control. The results of these well-controlled experimental studies contradict epidemiological studies that find that heavy coffee drinking is associated with a lower risk of T2DM. Dr. Lane concluded that although it is premature to recommend caffeine abstinence for patients with T2DM and for those at risk, the evidence is sufficient to warrant further study of caffeine's effects, including clinical trials of the potential benefits of eliminating caffeine from the diet. The review was published in March 2011 inaugural issue of Journal of Caffeine Research.

"The links that have been revealed between diabetes and the consumption of caffeine beverages (especially coffee) are of monumental importance when it is acknowledged that more than 80% of the world's population consumes caffeine daily,” said editor-in-chief of the new journal Jack James, PhD, of the school of psychology at the University of Ireland (Galway). "Dr. Lane's review of the topic gives the clearest account to date of what we know, what we don't know, and what needs to be done - urgently!”

Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that is a psychoactive stimulant but unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions. In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness.

Related Links:
Duke University Medical Center
University of Ireland