Injectable Hydrogel Electrodes Could Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmias

Ventricular arrhythmias are dangerous heart rhythm disorders that originate in the heart's lower chambers and can be caused by delayed conduction in scarred or diseased heart tissue, such as that resulting from a heart attack. Researchers are now developing conductive, injectable hydrogel electrodes to prevent and manage these arrhythmias and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.

An interdisciplinary research team from The Texas Heart Institute (Houston, TX, USA) and The University of Texas at Austin (Austin, TX, USA) is building on the initial proof-of-concept of pacing heart muscle using a hydrogel that solidifies within the body. They aim to create a combined material and delivery system that interfaces with existing pacemaker technology, enhancing its ability to treat ventricular arrhythmias. The researchers will closely collaborate to evaluate the injectable hydrogel's safety, functionality, and durability through benchtop testing and in a porcine model. They will also develop a transcutaneous catheter delivery system for the innovative hydrogel.

Injectable hydrogel electrodes could become a novel method for managing ventricular arrhythmias (Photo courtesy of Freepik)

The team has already demonstrated the feasibility of pacing the heart using the hydrogel in a porcine model. By assessing its use in a myocardial infarction porcine model, they will investigate whether the hydrogel can restore conduction across scars, reducing ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks. If successful, this approach could effectively eliminate conduction delays in scarred heart tissue, which lead to lethal ventricular arrhythmias. A four-year, USD 2.37 million grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute will support the researchers in conducting studies using a post-myocardial infarction model to demonstrate the hydrogel electrode pacing's potential to decrease the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and defibrillation shocks.

“We identified an unmet need to deliver electrical signals across these problematic scars in the heart, and unfortunately the leads that are currently available can only be threaded through larger vessels,” said electrophysiology medical device pioneer and clinician Dr. Mehdi Razavi, Director of Electrophysiology Clinical Research & Innovations at The Institute. “We envisioned using hydrogels injected into the small vessels that cross over scarred regions of the heart to propagate electrical currents and more effectively pace the heart.”

“Stimulating vast areas of the heart through planar wavefront propagation could introduce an entirely new cardiac resynchronization therapy, and ultimately alter the landscape of cardiac rhythm management through a new platform for painless ventricular defibrillation,” added Dr. Razavi.