Popular Analgesics Affect Central Nervous System

A study has shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) not only relieve pain at the local site of inflammation but also affect the entire central nervous system. The study, funded by the U.S. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), was reported in the March 22 issue of Nature.

NSAIDS reduce the sensitivity of nerves in the central nervous system by inhibiting production of the Cox-2 enzyme responsible for pain and inflammation. Two prescription drugs introduced last hear that target Cox-2 proved to be blockbuster pain relievers but their mechanism of action was not understood until now.

Researchers used an animal model to study the role of Cox-2 in inflammatory pain. When inflammation occurred, they found Cox-2 throughout the central nervous system as well as at the local site of inflammation. They also found that inhibiting Cox-2 production within the spinal cord and brain decreased pain and reduced hypersensitivity to normal sensations such as touch.

"The findings indicate new treatment options for arthritis and other inflammatory pain conditions,” said Cheryl A. Kitt, Ph.D., program director for pain research at the NINDS. "Targeting the central nervous system when using NSAIDS, rather than the specific peripheral pain site, may result in more effective pain relief.”


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