Universal Assay Platform Allows Rapid Blood Grouping
By HospiMedica International staff writers Posted on 28 Mar 2017 |
Image: A novel paper strip performs ABO and Rh group multiplex antigen assays (Photo courtesy of Hong Zhang).
A new study describes how a paper-based point-of-care assay could provide fast and reliable blood group testing at the patient’s bedside.
Developed by researchers at Third Military Medical University, the paper-based assay uses immobilized antibodies and bromocresol green dye for rapid and reliable blood grouping, where dye-assisted color changes corresponding to distinct blood components provide a visual readout for each antigen (A, B, and Rhesus). The researchers also developed a machine-learning method that can classify spectral plots corresponding to the color changes, which enables reproducible automatic grouping.
The assay identifies ABO antigens and five major Rhesus antigens within 30 seconds using small volumes (100 μl) of whole blood, thus allowing simultaneous forward and reverse ABO blood grouping within two minutes through on-chip plasma separation, and all without centrifugation. When tested with optimized operating parameters, the dye-assisted paper assay exhibited comparable accuracy and reproducibility to the classical gel-card assays in grouping 3,550 human blood samples, with more than 99.9% accuracy. The study was published on March 15, 2017, in Science Translational Medicine.
“Fast and simultaneous forward and reverse blood grouping has long remained elusive. Forward blood grouping detects antigens on red blood cells, whereas reverse grouping identifies specific antibodies present in plasma,” concluded lead author Hong Zhang, PhD, and colleagues. “The paper strip could be used in war zones or remote areas where there are no labs to test patients’ blood types. O blood is currently used in these contexts, but supplies are limited.”
There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens (A and B) on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Group A has only the A antigen on RBCs, and B antibody in the plasma; Group B has only the B antigen on RBCs, and A antibody in the plasma; Group AB has both A and B antigens on RBCs, but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma; and Group O has neither A nor B antigens on RBCs, but both A and B antibody in the plasma. In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the rhesus (Rh) factor, which can be either present (+) or absent (–). The universal red cell donor has Type O– blood type, and the universal plasma donor has Type AB+ blood type.
Developed by researchers at Third Military Medical University, the paper-based assay uses immobilized antibodies and bromocresol green dye for rapid and reliable blood grouping, where dye-assisted color changes corresponding to distinct blood components provide a visual readout for each antigen (A, B, and Rhesus). The researchers also developed a machine-learning method that can classify spectral plots corresponding to the color changes, which enables reproducible automatic grouping.
The assay identifies ABO antigens and five major Rhesus antigens within 30 seconds using small volumes (100 μl) of whole blood, thus allowing simultaneous forward and reverse ABO blood grouping within two minutes through on-chip plasma separation, and all without centrifugation. When tested with optimized operating parameters, the dye-assisted paper assay exhibited comparable accuracy and reproducibility to the classical gel-card assays in grouping 3,550 human blood samples, with more than 99.9% accuracy. The study was published on March 15, 2017, in Science Translational Medicine.
“Fast and simultaneous forward and reverse blood grouping has long remained elusive. Forward blood grouping detects antigens on red blood cells, whereas reverse grouping identifies specific antibodies present in plasma,” concluded lead author Hong Zhang, PhD, and colleagues. “The paper strip could be used in war zones or remote areas where there are no labs to test patients’ blood types. O blood is currently used in these contexts, but supplies are limited.”
There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens (A and B) on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). Group A has only the A antigen on RBCs, and B antibody in the plasma; Group B has only the B antigen on RBCs, and A antibody in the plasma; Group AB has both A and B antigens on RBCs, but neither A nor B antibody in the plasma; and Group O has neither A nor B antigens on RBCs, but both A and B antibody in the plasma. In addition to the A and B antigens, there is a third antigen called the rhesus (Rh) factor, which can be either present (+) or absent (–). The universal red cell donor has Type O– blood type, and the universal plasma donor has Type AB+ blood type.
Latest Critical Care News
- Stretchable Microneedles to Help In Accurate Tracking of Abnormalities and Identifying Rapid Treatment
- Machine Learning Tool Identifies Rare, Undiagnosed Immune Disorders from Patient EHRs
- On-Skin Wearable Bioelectronic Device Paves Way for Intelligent Implants
- First-Of-Its-Kind Dissolvable Stent to Improve Outcomes for Patients with Severe PAD
- AI Brain-Age Estimation Technology Uses EEG Scans to Screen for Degenerative Diseases
- Wheeze-Counting Wearable Device Monitors Patient's Breathing In Real Time
- Wearable Multiplex Biosensors Could Revolutionize COPD Management
- New Low-Energy Defibrillation Method Controls Cardiac Arrhythmias
- New Machine Learning Models Help Predict Heart Disease Risk in Women
- Deep-Learning Model Predicts Arrhythmia 30 Minutes before Onset
- Breakthrough Technology Combines Detection and Treatment of Nerve-Related Disorders in Single Procedure
- Plasma Irradiation Promotes Faster Bone Healing
- New Device Treats Acute Kidney Injury from Sepsis
- Study Confirms Safety of DCB-Only Strategy for Treating De Novo Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
- Revascularization Improves Quality of Life for Patients with Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia
- AI-Driven Prediction Models Accurately Predict Critical Care Patient Deterioration