Drug to Reduce Bleeding During Surgery Can Prevent Severe COVID-19

Scientists have found that the protease inhibitor aprotinin can inhibit virus replication by preventing SARS-CoV2 entry into host cells. Moreover, aprotinin appears to compensate for a SARS-CoV2-induced reduction of endogenous protease inhibitors in virus-infected cells.

The surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is studded with spike proteins. The virus needs these in order to dock onto proteins (ACE2 receptors) on the surface of the host cell. Before this docking is possible, parts of the spike protein have to be cleaved by the host cell’s enzymes - proteases. Scientists at Goethe University (Frankfurt, Germany), the University of Kent (Canterbury, UK) and the Hannover Medical School (Hanover, Germany) have now discovered that the protease inhibitor aprotinin can prevent cell infection.

In cell culture experiments with various cell types, the scientists demonstrated that the protease inhibitor aprotinin can inhibit virus replication by preventing SARS-CoV2 entry into host cells. Moreover, aprotinin appears to compensate for a SARS-CoV2-induced reduction of endogenous protease inhibitors in virus-infected cells. Influenza viruses require host cell proteases for cell entry in a similar way as coronaviruses. Hence, an aprotinin aerosol is already approved in Russia for the treatment of influenza.

“Our findings show that aprotinin is effective against SARS-CoV2 in concentrations that can be achieved in patients. In aprotinin we have a drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 that is already approved for other indications and could readily be tested in patients,” said Professor Jindrich Cinatl from the Institute for Medical Virology at the University Hospital Frankfurt.

Related Links:
Goethe University
University of Kent
Hannover Medical School